LUBRITA technical information about hydraulic systems, pumps and oils

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Hydraulic Pumps

All hydraulic systems use a mechanism to create system flow (motion) and resistance or stoppage of that flow creates pressure (force). The combination of flow and pressure in a hydraulic system are the basis for work. In most applications, pumps are used for this purpose, and their function is to convert mechanical energy to fluid energy. The pumps can be hand-operated or driven by electric motors, internal combustion engines, turbines, etc., that provide rotative or reciprocating motion.

There are four major types of pumps:
1. Gear pumps: generally fixed displacement
2. Vane pumps: generally fixed displacement, but can be variable if necessary
3. Axial and radial piston pumps: either fixed displacement or variable
4. Centrifugal pumps: nonpositive displacement that are rarely used


1. Gear Pumps
Gear pumps are generally simple in design, lower maintenance, cheaper, and compact compared to vane and piston designs. They typically operate at low pressures (500–3000 psi or 3500–21,000 kPa), have fair to good efficiency, can tolerate high contamination, and can be noisy. Lubrication regimes are boundary lubrication for low speed and hydrodynamic lubrication for high speed. Fluid requirements include the use of antiwear additives if the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) requires it. Significant effort is being devoted to the development of “quiet pumps” of all designs to aid in overall noise reduction programs for industry.
There are four types of gear pumps: external, internal, ring gear, and screw. Gear pumps are constant discharge types, and they generate flow carrying fluid from the inlet to the outlet between the tooth spaces of the gears. The fluid pumping chambers are formed between the gears, the housing, and the side plates. The hydraulic fluid serves to help seal close clearances as well lubricating the meshing gears. Small amounts of bearing wear could result in contact of the gears with the housings or side plates, thereby reducing the efficiency of the pump. Minimizing wear is critical to optimizing pump performance.

2. Vane Pumps
Vane pumps can be of fixed or variable displacement design. They typically operate at moderate pressures (1000–4000 psi or 7000–27,500 kPa) and are efficient. They are sensitive to contamination because of the small clearances between the vanes and the cam ring. The lubrication regime is either boundary or mixed, not hydrodynamic. Hydraulic fluid requirements for this application include the use of antiwear additives and maintaining overall good oil cleanliness.


3. Piston Pumps
Radial and axial piston pumps are positive displacement pumps used where operating pressures are high (3000–10,000 psi or 21,000–70,000 kPa), and very accurate control of discharge flow is needed. Piston pumps can be either fixed or variable displacement, where the volume and pressure can be varied by use of a tilting plate. They are very efficient, but are generally more expensive than other pumps and, in some cases, are considered to be noisy. They generally run in the hydrodynamic/mixed lubrication regime, and hydraulic fluid requirements for this pump include good oxidation stability, hydrolytic stability, and antiwear.
Although gear and vane type pumps can be designed to work with higher pressures, the life expectancy of piston pumps in severe service will be greater, making them cost-effective. The key advantages of variable displacement piston pumps include having infinitely adjustable flow along with being reversible. This means that the pump can act as a pump or a hydraulic motor if the direction of flow is changed. Circuits using these pumps can be simplified, as reversing valves are not needed. With reversing pumps, rapidly moving masses can be smoothly decelerated, reversed, and accelerated without system shocks.


4. Radial Piston Pumps
Radial piston pumps encompass two designs: in one, a rotating eccentric shaft causes the pistons to reciprocate within their cylinders; the second one uses an eccentrically mounted rotating cylinder block where the pistons and block rotate within a rigid external ring. In both designs, the reciprocating movement is perpendicular to shaft rotation. This reciprocating radial motion of the pistons within their respective cylinders creates a reduced pressure at the suction drawing fluid. Vane pump. In this constant volume pump, the vanes are forced by contact with the cam ring to slide in and out of the rotor slots. The vanes are held in contact with the cam ring by centrifugal force and by oil pressure on their inner edges. Suction ports are located where the wall of the cam ring recedes from the hub because the increasing volume between the vanes at these points results in reduced pressure. Discharge ports are placed where the wall of the ring approaches the hub. At these points, decreasing volume between the vanes causes pressure to increase.


5. Axial Piston Pumps
Axial piston type pumps refer to both the swashplate (or wobble plate) and the bent axis designs. Both designs are positive displacement and are available in fixed and variable volume outputs. Axial piston pumps operate based on the same design principles as radial piston pumps except that the pump pistons reciprocate parallel to the rotor axis. The angle between the cylinder block and the driving flange determines the volume output (along with speed and cylinder diameter). Piston pumps, whether radial or axial, will be designed with an odd number of pistons. The odd number of pistons reduces the flow and pressure pulsations in the discharge when individual piston flows are added together.


Oil Reservoirs
The oil reservoir is also a very important component of the hydraulic system. It contains the oil supply, provides radiant and convection cooling, allows solid contamination and water to drop out, and helps reduce undesirable entrained air from circulating to the critical control components. In addition, in relation to oil levels and pump location, the reservoir facilitates easy flow of the oil to the pump suction, which reduces the potential for cavitation or starvation conditions.
In order to achieve this, the reservoir needs certain design features such as a baffle plate, drain plug, fluid level window, strainer, system-sump vent, correctly located fluid pickup, and fluid return pipes.


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This privacy policy determines Lubrita Europe B.V., legal entity address World Trade Center Amsterdam, Schiphol Boulevard 127, 1118 BG Schiphol, Netherlands, the e-mail address info@Lubrita.com (hereinafter referred to as the “Manager") the conditions for the processing of personal data of web siteLubrita.com visitors and other data subjects, implementation of rights of data subjects, related to the processing of personal data.

The Manager may at any time review and change the privacy policy, so we recommend that you periodically check, whether you are familiar with the relevant version of the privacy policy. The date of current version publication of the privacy policy is specified on the top of this Web page. The information about changes to the privacy policy for registered users of online stores is available on their online store account.

Personal data of the website visitors are processed in accordance with the legislation in force and ensuring the appropriate technical and organizational measures for the protection of personal data.

The Manager uses provided your personal data or with your permission collected by the Manager solely for the purposes stated in the Privacy Policy, for the purpose of handling personal data, whether for payment or free of charge, transfer to other persons, except in the cases specified in this Privacy Policy. Your personal data may be disclosed to other persons only then and only to the extent that this is necessary in order to provide you with services, to fulfill your order, and so on. For example, when purchasing goods and choosing courier delivery, your personal data required for the delivery will be disclosed to the courier service. The website contains links to non-managerial websites. The Manager is not responsible for the privacy policies of these sites, so we encourage you to be active and get familiar with the privacy policies of the websites you are directed.

WEB SITE VISITORS' PERSONAL DATA, THE USE OF COOKIES

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If you want the Manager's representative to be able to contact you not only by e-mail, but also by telephone, you can also provide your telephone number with the request, but you can also submit the request without the phone number.

The personal data submitted with the request and the further correspondence between you and the Manager's agent will be kept to the extent necessary for the fulfillment of a specific task and to ensure the implementation of the rights of the Manager.

ONLINE STORE CUSTOMER PERSONAL DATA

Only the registered online store users following the conditions of purchase in the e-shop can purchase goods in the manager's online store.

The personal data provided by the registration is used to fulfill the orders (to implement the Manager's legitimate interest in being able to provide evidence of communication and agreements with buyers). In addition to the personal data provided at the time of registration, the Manager also stores your purchase history for the same purpose and legal basis: the purchased goods, their price, payment method and date, delivery method and date. The email provided by registering will also be used for the purpose of direct marketing in order to provide you with information about the goods and services offered by the Manager, provided promotions and practical advices, unless you express an objection during registration to the use of your personal data for direct marketing purposes. For more information on the processing of your personal data for direct marketing purposes, you will find at DIRECT MARKETING section of the Privacy Policy.

In order to be able to fulfill your order properly, you need to provide correct personal information when registering. You can view and modify your personal details by logging in to your online store account. Please, before submitting a new order, in all cases, verify that your personal data held by the Manager are relevant and correct. The Manager assumes no responsibility if your personal data will be disclosed to other persons, you will not receive any ordered goods or experience other inconvenience due to incorrect personal data delivery or non-renewal. No property losses will be compensated due to submission of improper personal data.

The personal data of registered at online store persons will be provided to the companies providing goods delivery services, banks, which handle billing for purchased goods or services, as well as to the data processors used by the Manager (the information system administrators used by the manager, the marketing services agencies).

You can cancel your registration at online store at any time by e-mail at info@Lubrita.com. Your account will be canceled no later than within 7 business days from the receipt of the sent confirmation email and you will be notified by email on the deletion of your account.

Your personal data processed for the purpose of electronic trading is stored for 5 years since the last time shopping in the online store. If you do not buy at online store for 5 years, your account will be deleted and all personal data contained therein will be deleted. You will be notified of the intention to cancel your account at least 5 days before the account is canceled.

PERSONAL DATA OF LOYALTY PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS

You become the Loyalty client of the Manager by acquiring a Manager Loyalty card under the terms of the loyalty program.

In order to become a loyal client of the Manager and to purchase the products distributed by the Manager at a more favorable prices, you must provide the Manager with the following information by registering in the loyalty program: name, email, telephone number and address. In order to become a member of the loyalty program you do not have to submit any other personal data.

In addition to personal data submitted by you, the Manager will also process the history of purchases made through a loyalty card, such as: purchased goods, their price, the discount applied, order date, payment method and date, delivery method and date. The legal basis for the processing of personal data processed for the purpose of carrying out the loyalty program is the desire to fulfill the contract for participation in the loyalty program.

Your personal data will only be used to provide you with discounts and make direct marketing offers. If you do not wish to receive news and information on promotions for loyal customers from the Manager, check in the "additional information" box when registering that you do not agree to the processing of your personal data for direct marketing purposes.

Your personal data processed for the purpose of performing a loyalty program will be transferred to the Manager's data processors (Administrators of Information Systems used by the Manager, Marketing Agencies).

You have the right to withdraw from the loyalty program at any time by submitting an application to the e-mail address info@Lubrita.com. For processing your participation in the Loyalty Program, your personal data will be erased no later than 7 days after the confirmation about sent receipt of the email and you will be informed by email about the deletion of personal data.

DIRECT MARKETING

Each Web site visitor can subscribe to the latest news about products and services offered by the manager, promotions and practical tips (subscribe to the newsletter).

By signing up to the online store, or a loyalty program you are also included in the Database of Recipients of the Manager's Newsletter, unless you state at the time of registration that you do not wish to receive Manager's Direct Marketing Proposals.

The persons that have subscribed to the newsletter and registered at online store, so the loyalty program participants may at any time refuse Manager's newsletter by clicking on the refusal link in the newsletter or by submitting a request to the e-mail address info@Lubrita.com.

VIDEO SURVEILLANCE

Video surveillance is provided in the territory and premises of physical Manager stores, located at World Trade Center Amsterdam, Schiphol Boulevard 127, 1118 BG Schiphol, Netherlands. The image is monitored in order to ensure the security of the Manager's assets and employees. The legal basis for the processing of these data is the legitimate interest of the Manager in preventing the occurrence of damage that the Manager would suffer if he lost his property or did not ensure the safety of his employees.

Observed areas and parts of the premises are marked with visual means visible before entering the video surveillance field.

The territory and premises of the Company are monitored only in real time; we do not record and store image data, so we will not be able to satisfy your requests for access to image data.

PERSONAL DATA OF CANDIDATES FOR THE EMPLOYEES

All personal data submitted by persons wishing to employ at Manager‘s Company are administered by the Manager only for the purpose of selecting and recruiting staff, having a legitimate interest in assessing the suitability of a candidate to work as desired.

In addition to the date provided on selection and recruitment purposes by the same person who wishes to work at the Managers Company, the Manager may collect and otherwise handle other publicly available candidate data, i.e., look for information online, check candidate social networks (such as LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter) profiles and so on.

The Manager can also apply to the former candidate's employers, indicated in the candidate's CV or social networking accounts, and request information about the candidate's qualifications, professional abilities and business characteristics.

Submitted by the candidate and independently collected data about the candidate Manager keeps 4 months since the expiry of a specific employee selection. The term for the storage of personal data is prolonged only with the individual consent of the candidate. If the consent to keep the candidate's personal data for more than 4 months after the selection is not obtained, after the expiration of this term all the personal data of the candidate (both presented by the candidate and collected by the Manager) are deleted.

INFORMATION ABOUT THE RIGHTS

All persons, whose personal data are processed by the Manager, shall have:

The right of access to their personal data, processed by the Manager.
The right to request correction of incorrect or inaccurate personal data
Registered e-shop users can access their personal data and change them by signing up to an online store account. In other cases, the right of access and request for the correction of personal data shall be implemented by submitting a written request to the Manager's office address or to e-mail address info@Lubrita.com (in case of an application signed by e-signature).

The right to demand that the Manager restrict the processing of personal data until the accuracy of personal data is verified, until it is determined whether the interests of the data subject who disagrees with the processing of personal data are superior to the Manager, as well as in cases where personal data is processed illegally, but the data subject does not agree to delete this data.
This right is implemented by providing a written request to the Manager's office address or to the email address info@Lubrita.com (in case of an application signed by e-signature). If the application is reasonable, the processing of personal data will be limited within 5 working days from the receipt of the request.

The right to data portability
This right is implemented by providing a written request to the Manager's office address or to the email address info@Lubrita.com (in case of an application signed by e-signature).If the request is reasonable, the Manager submits to you or your designated data Manager your personal data in computer-readable form no later than within 30 days of receipt of the request.

The right to disagree with the processing of personal data
Registered e-shop users and loyalty program participants express the right to oppose the processing of their personal data for direct marketing purposes by abandoning the newsletter, clicking on the refusal link or by submitting an application to the e-mail address info@Lubrita.com. In all other cases expressing disagreement with the processing of your personal data will assess whether your legitimate interest is superior to the Manager.

The right to request deletion of data
This right is implemented by providing a written request to the Manager's office address or to the email address info@Lubrita.com (in case of an application is signed by e-signature). The data Manager shall delete the relevant personal data within the 30 days following the receipt of the request or refuse to accept the application and shall state the reasons for the refusal in writing.

The right to appeal to the supervisory authority
This right may be enforced by submitting a complaint to the State Data Protection Inspectorate regarding any actions of the Manager concerning the processing of your personal data.

In cases when you implement your rights by submitting a written application to the address of the Manager's office, a copy of the identity document (passport, ID card) certified by a notary must be submitted along with the application.

CONTACTS

If you have questions regarding the privacy policy, contact us info@Lubrita.com and we will help you.
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